Roujiamo (Chinese Hamburger)

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Roujiamo (Chinese Hamburger)

Category
Lunch
Cuisine
Chinese
Servings
4
Prep Time
30 min
Cook Time
3 hr 30 min

Roujiamo is often called the Chinese burger, and honestly that description does a decent job. It’s a Xi’an street food classic: slow-cooked, spiced pork belly that gets chopped up and loaded into a crispy, pan-fried bun. The name breaks down as rou (meat), jia (sandwiched), mo (bread), and versions of this dish have been eaten in the Shaanxi province for over 2000 years, making it one of the oldest sandwiches in the world.

The pork is the heart of it. It gets blanched first to clean it up, then caramelised in rock sugar before a 3-hour braise with shaoxing wine, soy sauces, star anise, sichuan peppercorn, cinnamon and bay. By the time it’s done it’s fall-apart tender and deeply savoury, with a richness that holds up against the bun.

The bun, called a mo, is made from a semi-fermented dough that gets rolled, shaped and pan-fried before a quick finish in the oven. The layering technique creates a slight flakiness on the outside and a soft, chewy inside. Fill them hot and eat straight away.

Ingredient Notes

Pork belly:

The fat content in belly is what keeps the meat moist and tender over the long braise. Don’t substitute with lean cuts. Pork shoulder also works if needed.

Rock sugar:

Rock sugar has a lower intensity sweetness than white sugar due to minimal processing. It’s used here to caramelise the pork at the start of the braise. Find it at Asian supermarkets. If substituting with white sugar, use about 70g instead of 100g.

Shaoxing wine:

A Chinese rice wine that adds depth and a slightly nutty, savoury flavour to the braise. Find it at Asian supermarkets. Dry sherry is the closest substitute if you can’t track it down.

Sichuan peppercorns:

These add a subtle numbing heat and floral quality to the braising liquid. They’re distinct from regular black pepper. Find them at Asian supermarkets or spice shops.

Dark soy sauce:

Richer, less salty and slightly sweet compared to light soy. It adds colour and depth to the braise. Don’t swap it out for light soy as the flavour balance will be off.

Ingredients

  • 1kg pork belly
  • 10cm piece ginger
  • 3 spring onions, whites and greens separated
  • 2 tsp peanut oil (or other neutral oil)
  • 100g rock sugar
  • 1 tsp sichuan peppercorns
  • 2 star anise
  • 1 cinnamon stick
  • 3 bay leaves
  • 30ml shaoxing
  • 30ml light soy sauce
  • 20ml dark soy sauce
  • 1L water (approximately)

DOUGH

  • 250ml (1 cup) warm water
  • 1½ tsp dried yeast
  • 450g (3 cups) plain flour
  • ½ tsp baking powder
  • ½ tsp bicarb soda
  • 1 tsp fine sea salt
  • 30ml vegetable oil

Equipment

  • Large saucepan with a lid
  • Electric mixer with dough hook
  • Heavy based frying pan with a lid
  • Wire rack and tray

Directions

PREP THE PORK

COOK THE FILLING

MAKE THE DOUGH

COOK THE DOUGH

FINISH AND SERVE

Notes

Chef Tips

The dough is semi-fermented

This dough doesn’t need to double in size the way a standard yeasted bread does. You’re looking for it to grow by about a third to a half during the 30-minute rest. Over-proofing will make the buns too soft and bready rather than the dense, slightly chewy mo you’re after. Don’t leave it longer than needed.

Sourcing rock sugar and shaoxing

Both rock sugar and shaoxing wine are available at most Asian supermarkets. Rock sugar comes in irregular lumps or small uniform cubes. Either works here. If you can’t find shaoxing, dry sherry is the closest substitute. If you can’t find rock sugar, use 70g white sugar in its place.

Substitutions

There are regional variations of this dish throughout China for both the spices and the protein. Muslim communities in Xi’an traditionally use slow-cooked beef or lamb in place of pork. The spice blend is flexible too. You can add dried chilli for heat, or use a teaspoon of five spice powder if you don’t have all the individual spices on hand.

Don’t skip the blanching step

Simmering the pork in plain water for 15 minutes before the main braise removes impurities, excess fat and any gamey flavour. Rinsing the pork afterwards keeps the braising liquid clean and clear. It makes a noticeable difference to the final flavour.

Storing and reheating

The pork filling can be stored in an airtight container in the fridge for up to 3 days. Reheat gently in a saucepan or microwave before chopping and serving. The buns are best made fresh, but cooked buns can be stored separately at room temperature and reheated in a dry frying pan or warm oven.

FAQs

Can I make this ahead of time?

The pork can be braised a day or two ahead and kept in the fridge. Reheat it gently before chopping to serve. Make the buns fresh on the day as they’re best eaten hot and freshly filled.

Can I use a different cut of pork?

Pork shoulder works as an alternative to belly. The fat in belly is what keeps it moist and tender over the long braise, so avoid lean cuts like loin as they’ll dry out.

Can I make the dough by hand instead of using a mixer?

Yes. Mix the ingredients together in a bowl until they come together into a shaggy dough, then turn it out and knead by hand for about 10 minutes until smooth and elastic. The dough is fairly stiff so it takes some effort.

Is the dough supposed to double in size?

No. This is a semi-fermented dough, so you’re only looking for it to increase by about a third to a half during the rest. Don’t leave it much longer than 30 minutes.

Can I freeze the buns?

Yes, the cooked buns freeze well. Cool them completely, then freeze in a sealed bag for up to a month. Reheat in a dry frying pan over medium heat or in a warm oven until heated through.

What do I serve with roujiamo?

They’re a complete meal on their own, traditionally eaten as a snack or quick lunch. Some versions add a finely chopped fresh chilli or a drizzle of chilli oil into the filling. Cold beer or a light Chinese tea goes well alongside.

Nutrition

Nutrition

Serving Size
1 serving
Calories
per serving
1370
Amount/Serving % Daily Value
Carbs
99 grams
Protein
43 grams
Fat
83 grams
Saturated Fat
29 grams
Fiber
3 grams
Sugar
27 grams
Sodium
1410 milligrams
Cholesterol
110 milligrams
Potassium
720 milligrams

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